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References for Lumbar/Caudal Epidural Injection

Controlled, randomized studies:

Positive:

1. Yates et al, a Comparison of the Types of Epidural Injection Commonly Used in the Treatment of LBP and Sciatica, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 1978, 17, 181
2. Ridley et al, Outpatient Lumbar epidural Corticosteroid Injection in the Management of Sciatica, British Journal of Rheumatology, 1988, 27:295-299
3. Dilke, Extradural Corticosteroid Injection in Management of Lumbar Nerve Root Compression, British Medical Journal, 1973, 2:635-37
4. Bush et al, Controlled Study of Caudal Epidural Injections of TAC plus Procaine for the Management of Intractable Sciatica, Spine, 1991, 16(5):572
5. Breivik et al, Treatment of a Chronic LBP and Sciatica: Comparison of Caudal epidural Injections of Bupivacaine and Methylprednisolone with Bupivacaine Followed by Saline, Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, 1976, 1:927-32
6. Mathews et al, Back Pain and Sciatica: Controlled Trials of Manipulation, Traction, Sclerosant and Epidural Injections, British Journal of Rheumatology, 1987, 26:416-23

Negative:

1. Beliveau et al, Comparison Between Epidural Anaesthesia With and Without Corticosteroid in the Treatment of Sciatica, Rheumatology and Physical Medicine, 1971, 11:40
2. Klenerman et al, Lumbar Epidural Injections in the Treatment of Sciatica, British Journal of Rheumatology, 1984, 23:35-38
3. Rocco et al, Epidural Steroids, epidural Morphine and Epidural Steroids Combined with Morphine in the Treatment of Post Laminectomy Syndrome, Pain, 1989, 36:297-303
4. Serrao, Intrathecal Midazolam for the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical LBP: a Controlled Comparison with Epidural Steroid in a Pilot Study, Pain, 1982, 48:5-12
5. Cuckler, The Use of Epidural Steroids in the Treatment of Lumbar Radicular Pain, Journal of Bone and Joint Disease, 1985, 1:63-66
6. Snoek et al, Double Blind Evaluation of Extradural Methyl Prednisolone for Herniated Lumbar Discs, Acta Orthopeadics Scandinavian, 1977, 48:635-41

Review Article

Other Articles:

1. Langmayr et al, Intrathecal Steroids to Reduce Pain after Lumbar Disc Surgery: a Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Prospective Study, Pain, 1995, 62:357-61
2. Anderson and Mosdal, Epidural Application of Corticosteroid in LBP and Sciatica, Acta Neurochirurgica, 1987, 87:52-3
3. Rosen et al, A Restropective Analysis of the Efficacy of Epidural Steroid Injections, Clinical Orthopaedics, 1988, 228:270.
4. Ito, The Treatment of LBP and Sciatica with Epidural Corticosteroid Injection and its Pathophysiological Basis, Journal of Japan Orthopaedics Association, 1971, 45:67
5. Oudenhoven, The Role of Laminectomy, Facet Rhizotomy, and Epidural Steroids, Spine, 1979, 4(2):145
6. Berman et al, The Effects of Epidural Injection of Local Anesthetics and Corticosteroid on Patients with Lumbosciatic Pain, Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, 1984, 188:144
7. Wallace, Epidural Steroid Therapy for LBP, Postgraduate Medicine, 1985, 78:213
8. White, Epidural Injections for the Diagnosis and Treatment of LBP, Spine, 1980, 5(1):78
9. Bowman, Outcome Assessment After Epidural Corticosteroid Injection for LBP and Sciatica, Spine, 1993, 18(10):1345
10. Power, Lumbar Epidural Injection of Steroid in Acute Prolapsed Intervertebral Discs, Spine, 1992, 17:453-55
11. Steward et al, Epidurography in the Management of Sciatica, British Journal of Rheumatology, 1987, 26:424-29

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